Joy
pl. joys
Commonality Score: 1 (very common)
Translations
Arabic: فرح (farḥ) / سعادة (saʿāda)
Chinese (Mandarin): 喜悦 (xǐyuè) / 快乐 (kuàilè)
French: joie
German: Freude
Hindi: आनंद (ānand) / खुशी (khushī)
Japanese: 喜び (yorokobi)
Korean: 기쁨 (gippeum)
Polish: radość
Portuguese: alegria
Russian: радость (radost')
Spanish: alegría
Thai: ความสุข (khwām sùk) / ความยินดี (khwām yindī)
Turkish: neşe / mutluluk
Vietnamese: niềm vui / hạnh phúc
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Whilst every care has been taken to ensure accuracy, translations could be misleading. Check with your teacher if you are unsure.
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Noun type
- Abstract Noun: "Joy" refers to an emotional state of great happiness or pleasure, which is intangible and cannot be physically touched or seen.
Definition/s
- A feeling of great happiness, delight, or contentment.
- The emotion evoked by success, good fortune, or the prospect of achieving something desired.
- A source or cause of delight or happiness.
Examples
- She felt immense joy when reunited with her family after years apart.
- The child’s laughter brought joy to everyone in the room.
- Simple pleasures like watching a sunset often fill me with joy.
What are Openers?
- Openers are conversation starters you will use to participate in a discussion. They come in three forms:
1. Open Questions
- Ask an open question and understand your conversation partners’s views.
- Make sure to ask follow ups, and remember: this is a conversation, not an interview!
2. Stories
- Tell a personal story. Something that has happened to you, or somebody you know.
- Or tell us about something that you have done or seen.
- Your conversation partners must then follow up with you or reciprocate with their own stories.
3. Opinions
- Share an opinion about something that the content has inspired.
- Respectfully identify any agreement or disagreement there is in the room.
What are Openers?
- Openers are conversation starters you will use to participate in a discussion. They come in three forms:
1. Open Questions
- Ask an open question and understand your conversation partners’s views.
- Make sure to ask follow ups, and remember: this is a conversation, not an interview!
2. Stories
- Tell a personal story. Something that has happened to you, or somebody you know.
- Or tell us about something that you have done or seen.
- Your conversation partners must then follow up with you or reciprocate with their own stories.
3. Opinions
- Share an opinion about something that the content has inspired.
- Respectfully identify any agreement or disagreement there is in the room.
The Skinny
You’ve been asked to brief a senior executive (the “boss”) on a key issue from a recent business news event. This person is busy and relies on you to give them insight, not headlines.
You have 60–90 seconds to deliver a concise, high-value update tailored to their concerns and communication preferences.
1. Read the boss profile carefully.
- Who are they?
- What do they care about?
- What do they not want to hear?
2. Stick to their focus.
- What part of the story matters most to them?
- Don’t explain everything—prioritise.
3. Use business English.
- Be clear, precise, and professional.
- Avoid informal or emotional language.
Two Papal Styles: Clerical vs. Pastoral
Not all popes lead the same way. Some focus more on rules and tradition, while others focus on care and connection. These two styles are often called clerical and pastoral.
Understanding the difference can help us see why Pope Francis felt so different from past leaders—and why some people loved his style while others disagreed with it.
Understanding the difference can help us see why Pope Francis felt so different from past leaders—and why some people loved his style while others disagreed with it.
🟣 Clerical Style
- Focuses on rules, tradition, and Church authority
- Speaks with clear, firm direction
- Keeps strong boundaries between Church leaders and members.
Example: A clerical pope might defend strict Church teachings on family or sacraments.
🟢 Pastoral Style
- Focuses on compassion, listening, and inclusion
- Tries to meet people where they are.
- Emphasises mercy over judgment.
Example: A pastoral pope might welcome divorced people or support migrants and the poor.
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