Introvert
pl. introverts
Translations
Arabic: انطوائي
Chinese (Mandarin): 内向者 (nèixiàng zhě)
French: introverti
German: Introvertierter
Hindi: अंतर्मुखी (antarmukhi)
Japanese: 内向的な人 (naikōteki na hito)
Korean: 내성적인 사람 (naeseongjeogin saram)
Polish: introwertyk
Portuguese: introvertido
Russian: интроверт (introvért)
Spanish: introvertido
Thai: คนเก็บตัว (khon kep tua)
Turkish: içe dönük
Vietnamese: người hướng nội
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Whilst every care has been taken to ensure accuracy, translations could be misleading. Check with your teacher if you are unsure.
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Noun type
"Introvert" is a concrete noun because it refers to a tangible person—someone who exists in the physical world. Although the term describes personality traits, it is still a concrete noun because it identifies a person rather than an abstract idea.
Definition/s
- A person who tends to turn inward mentally and prefers solitude over socialising in large groups.
- A person whose thoughts and interests are directed inward rather than toward external things.
- In psychology, a personality type characterised by preference for quieter environments and limited social interaction, often in contrast to an extrovert.
Examples
- As an introvert, Maria often feels drained after spending time in large crowds and needs quiet time to recharge.
- While some people see introverts as shy, they simply value deeper, more meaningful conversations over small talk.
- The psychologist explained how introverts process social situations differently than extroverts.
What are Openers?
- Openers are conversation starters you will use to participate in a discussion. They come in three forms:
1. Open Questions
- Ask an open question and understand your conversation partners’s views.
- Make sure to ask follow ups, and remember: this is a conversation, not an interview!
2. Stories
- Tell a personal story. Something that has happened to you, or somebody you know.
- Or tell us about something that you have done or seen.
- Your conversation partners must then follow up with you or reciprocate with their own stories.
3. Opinions
- Share an opinion about something that the content has inspired.
- Respectfully identify any agreement or disagreement there is in the room.
What are Openers?
- Openers are conversation starters you will use to participate in a discussion. They come in three forms:
1. Open Questions
- Ask an open question and understand your conversation partners’s views.
- Make sure to ask follow ups, and remember: this is a conversation, not an interview!
2. Stories
- Tell a personal story. Something that has happened to you, or somebody you know.
- Or tell us about something that you have done or seen.
- Your conversation partners must then follow up with you or reciprocate with their own stories.
3. Opinions
- Share an opinion about something that the content has inspired.
- Respectfully identify any agreement or disagreement there is in the room.
The Skinny
You’ve been asked to brief a senior executive (the “boss”) on a key issue from a recent business news event. This person is busy and relies on you to give them insight, not headlines.
You have 60–90 seconds to deliver a concise, high-value update tailored to their concerns and communication preferences.
1. Read the boss profile carefully.
- Who are they?
- What do they care about?
- What do they not want to hear?
2. Stick to their focus.
- What part of the story matters most to them?
- Don’t explain everything—prioritise.
3. Use business English.
- Be clear, precise, and professional.
- Avoid informal or emotional language.
Two Papal Styles: Clerical vs. Pastoral
Not all popes lead the same way. Some focus more on rules and tradition, while others focus on care and connection. These two styles are often called clerical and pastoral.
Understanding the difference can help us see why Pope Francis felt so different from past leaders—and why some people loved his style while others disagreed with it.
Understanding the difference can help us see why Pope Francis felt so different from past leaders—and why some people loved his style while others disagreed with it.
🟣 Clerical Style
- Focuses on rules, tradition, and Church authority
- Speaks with clear, firm direction
- Keeps strong boundaries between Church leaders and members.
Example: A clerical pope might defend strict Church teachings on family or sacraments.
🟢 Pastoral Style
- Focuses on compassion, listening, and inclusion
- Tries to meet people where they are.
- Emphasises mercy over judgment.
Example: A pastoral pope might welcome divorced people or support migrants and the poor.