(to) advocate
transitive/intransitive
Commonality score: 2 (common)
Translations
Arabic: يدافع عن (yudafiʿ ʿan) / يؤيد (yuʾayyid)
Chinese (Mandarin): 提倡 (tíchàng) / 主张 (zhǔzhāng)
French: prôner / défendre
German: befürworten / eintreten für
Hindi: समर्थन करना (samarthan karna) / वकालत करना (vakālat karna)
Japanese: 主張する (shuchō suru) / 擁護する (yōgo suru)
Korean: 옹호하다 (onghohada) / 주장하다 (jujanghada)
Polish: popierać / opowiadać się za
Portuguese: advogar / defender
Russian: защищать (zashchishchat') / выступать за (vystupat' za)
Spanish: abogar por / defender
Thai: สนับสนุน (sanap sanun) / เรียกร้อง (riak rong)
Turkish: savunmak / desteklemek
Vietnamese: ủng hộ / bênh vực
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Whilst every care has been taken to ensure accuracy, translations could be misleading. Check with your teacher if you are unsure.
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Type of Verb?
To advocate can be both a transitive and intransitive verb.
Transitive verb: Requires a direct object indicating what is being supported.
Transitive verb: Requires a direct object indicating what is being supported.
Example: "She advocates policy reform."
Intransitive verb: Can be used without an object to indicate general support.
Example: "They advocate for better healthcare."
Definition/s
- To publicly recommend or support a particular cause, policy, or idea.
- To speak, write, or act in favour of someone or something.
Verb Forms
(to) advocate
Base Form
advocated
Past Form
advocated
Past Participle
advocating
Present Participle (-ing)
advocates
-s Form
Examples
- The organisation advocates the rights of workers across industries.
- He strongly advocates for education reform in underserved regions.
- Doctors advocate maintaining a balanced diet for good health.
What are Openers?

- Openers are conversation starters you will use to participate in a discussion. They come in three forms:
1. Open Questions
- Ask an open question and understand your conversation partners’s views.
- Make sure to ask follow ups, and remember: this is a conversation, not an interview!
2. Stories
- Tell a personal story. Something that has happened to you, or somebody you know.
- Or tell us about something that you have done or seen.
- Your conversation partners must then follow up with you or reciprocate with their own stories.
3. Opinions
- Share an opinion about something that the content has inspired.
- Respectfully identify any agreement or disagreement there is in the room.
What are Openers?

- Openers are conversation starters you will use to participate in a discussion. They come in three forms:
1. Open Questions
- Ask an open question and understand your conversation partners’s views.
- Make sure to ask follow ups, and remember: this is a conversation, not an interview!
2. Stories
- Tell a personal story. Something that has happened to you, or somebody you know.
- Or tell us about something that you have done or seen.
- Your conversation partners must then follow up with you or reciprocate with their own stories.
3. Opinions
- Share an opinion about something that the content has inspired.
- Respectfully identify any agreement or disagreement there is in the room.
The Skinny
You’ve been asked to brief a senior executive (the “boss”) on a key issue from a recent business news event. This person is busy and relies on you to give them insight, not headlines.
You have 60–90 seconds to deliver a concise, high-value update tailored to their concerns and communication preferences.
1. Read the boss profile carefully.
- Who are they?
- What do they care about?
- What do they not want to hear?
2. Stick to their focus.
- What part of the story matters most to them?
- Don’t explain everything—prioritise.
3. Use business English.
- Be clear, precise, and professional.
- Avoid informal or emotional language.
Two Papal Styles: Clerical vs. Pastoral

Not all popes lead the same way. Some focus more on rules and tradition, while others focus on care and connection. These two styles are often called clerical and pastoral.
Understanding the difference can help us see why Pope Francis felt so different from past leaders—and why some people loved his style while others disagreed with it.
Understanding the difference can help us see why Pope Francis felt so different from past leaders—and why some people loved his style while others disagreed with it.
🟣 Clerical Style
- Focuses on rules, tradition, and Church authority
- Speaks with clear, firm direction
- Keeps strong boundaries between Church leaders and members.
Example: A clerical pope might defend strict Church teachings on family or sacraments.
🟢 Pastoral Style
- Focuses on compassion, listening, and inclusion
- Tries to meet people where they are.
- Emphasises mercy over judgment.
Example: A pastoral pope might welcome divorced people or support migrants and the poor.